Descriptions and helpful information to learn Eleued grammar.
In Eleued, there are seven cases ('basic cases') and eight prepositions acting like cases ('formal cases'). Below are the basic cases.
| Basic cases | Singular | Plural | Meaning or use |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | ||
| Nominative | -/ | -/ | -(e)n | -(o)n | -/ |
| Accusative | -h (h mutation) | -hen (h mutation) | Direct Object | ||
| Dative | -ez | -oz | -zen | -zon | Indirect object |
| Genitive | -el | -ol | -len | -lon | Of / from / 's |
| Allative | -ev | -ov | -ven | -von | Towards |
| Ablative | -es | -os | -sen | -son | Away from |
And now, below are the formal cases with their meanings and uses
| Formal cases | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Regarding (of, concerning) |
-eld | -old | -elden | -olden |
| In, on | -ek | -ok | -ken | -kon |
| Into, onto | -ich | -och | -ichen | -ochon |
| As | -il | -ul | -ilen | -ulon |
| For | -per | -por | -peren | -poron |
| With, accompanying |
-yka | -ykan | ||
| Lacking, without | -nyk | -nykan | ||
| Into, becoming | -hy | -hyn | ||
The demonstrative pronouns are prefixed upon the noun in question.
The interrogative pronouns are the following:
There are three suffixes that create adjectives, that differ based on where they are placed. There are -av (placed at the end of a root), -is/-us which is placed at the end of nouns or verbs and, the infix which is -h -v which adds h or forms h-mutation on the first letter of the root and adds -yv on the end of a root.
em 'food' + -h -yv = ehmyv 'delicious'
Adverbs function the same as adjectives. They are formed by adding h-mutation on the first consonant.
Adjectives follow the noun (and they also have case agreement). Adverbs follow their verb and don't change for case or conjugation.
The verb may be constructed like the following:
Reflexive+Mood+Root+Voice+Form+Tense+Person+Accusative Pronoun
The present voice is default and the passive
tense can be formed with h-mutation and the infix
-j- on the first consonant of the root.
emek 'to eat' -> emmjek 'to be eaten'
The passive voice requires the use of the
accusative on the thing being acted on and -ry
on the actor.
Emmjicir emajah ökynry. Literally: 'The bread is being
eaten because of the king'
There are also several moods:
There are three marked tenses, with the present being unmarked:
There are six forms of person conjugation and all dual forms share conjugation with the plural:
And below are some other important conjugations that are most common:
There are a couple of irregular verbs that may be found here.
Eleued is by default VSO, or verb-subject-object,
however its word order is also free.
Emir ro emm.
eat.3sg 3sg.nom food.acc
He/she eats the food.
A clause that includes a finite verb and an
infinitive, the non-finite verb is placed after
the subject but before the object.
Oj go emek emm.
I must eat the food.
Adjectives follow the noun they modify and adverbs follow their verb. The adjectives jeve and náp as well as their adverbs precede their nouns and verbs.
Interrogative sentences begin with the particle qal and the auxiliary or main verb is pulled to second position after the WH-element and all other particles or infinitives move to the end of the clause.
Subordinate clauses begin with tal and end
with tales.
Emir emm tal adij tales.
He/she eats the food that I have.